Guides

Addiction: Evidence-Based Options and Where Psychedelics Actually Stand

Evidence-based addiction treatment in Europe and the real state of psychedelic research: psychosocial therapy first, opioid substitution and the approved alcohol medicines, the UK's phase 3 ketamine trial for alcoholism, psilocybin's phase 2 evidence, ibogaine's unresolved risks, and the European trials recruiting now.

Europe12 min

Antidepressant Genetic Testing: What It Can and Can't Tell You

Genes can change how you handle antidepressants, but not in the way the marketing says. What CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 testing actually predicts, how strong the evidence is, and how to get tested in Germany, the UK and the Netherlands.

Anxiety: When Standard Treatment Isn't Enough – Your Options

If therapy or SSRIs haven't controlled your anxiety disorder, here is what actually exists in Europe: the guideline ladder from CBT and medication switches through augmentation, what ketamine evidence really shows for anxiety, and why no psychedelic is an approved anxiety treatment anywhere in Europe.

Burnout: What Actually Helps – and Where Ketamine and Psychedelics Really Stand

Burnout is being marketed as a ketamine and psychedelic indication. The evidence says otherwise. What burnout is (and isn't) per ICD-11, what actually helps, when it's really depression, and the questions to ask any clinic selling a 'burnout programme'.

How to Choose a Ketamine or KAP Clinic in Europe: Licenses, Red Flags and Fair Prices

What 'licensed' actually means in each country, the warning signs that should make you walk away, realistic 2026 price ranges, and the questions to ask before booking.

Joining a Psychedelic Clinical Trial in Europe: How It Works in 2026

Phases, placebo and consent explained, why most applicants are screened out, which sponsors are recruiting across Europe in 2026, and how to search the registries.

Antidepressants Not Working: What Next? Your Options in Europe

If antidepressants haven't helped, evidence-based options remain: a structured clinical review first, then medication changes, psychotherapy, rTMS, ECT, esketamine, off-label ketamine and clinical trials. What European guidelines say about each option, without ranking one over another. Also covers the antidepressant that worked and then stopped, and what to do when you feel you have tried everything.

ECT vs Ketamine: What the Evidence Says

ECT and ketamine compared for severe and treatment-resistant depression: what the meta-analyses and the ELEKT-D trial actually found, cognitive side effects, availability in Europe, and how the choice is made with a clinician.

Referring a Patient to Esketamine: Criteria, Documents and the Path, Country by Country

For GPs and psychiatrists: the exact reimbursement criteria for esketamine (Spravato) in Germany, the UK, Poland and Switzerland, what the referral file must contain, the typical reasons applications stall, and where to refer. Every criterion linked to its regulatory source.

For Clinicians: Referring a Patient to Psychedelic Medicine in Europe

An informational summary for GPs and psychiatrists: when treatment-resistant depression opens the esketamine route, what documentation receiving centers need, country-specific referral mechanics, trials as a referral option, and how this directory's registry verification works.

How to Help a Loved One Consider Psychedelic Therapy

A practical guide for family members and partners: how to recognize when standard depression treatment is not working, how to talk about psychedelic therapy without pushing, the documents that genuinely help, and what to do in a crisis.

Insurance & Reimbursement for Psychedelic Medicine in Europe: The 2026 Country Map

Which European countries reimburse esketamine (Spravato), ketamine and psychedelic therapy in 2026, under what criteria, who decides, and the exceptional pathways most patients never hear about.

Europe12 min

Ketamine & Psychedelic Therapy in Europe for International Patients: Where Cross-Border Treatment Actually Works (2026)

Country-by-country reality check for patients travelling for treatment: where self-paying non-residents are accepted (Czechia, Germany, UK, Austria, Spain), why Swiss psychedelic-assisted therapy is residents-only, the UK's private-medical-treatment visa, what a Spravato induction means for a visitor, and verified costs.

Europe6 min

Is Ketamine a Psychedelic? The Classification, and Why It Matters

Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic, not a classic psychedelic, but it is treated as one in practice. What that means for legality, evidence and access in Europe.

Europe7 min

Is Ketamine Therapy Legal? The European Picture in 2026

Ketamine therapy is legal across Europe when a doctor prescribes it off-label, but legal, available and funded are three different things. The rules by country.

Esketamine and Ketamine Therapy in Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland

How Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland handle esketamine and ketamine therapy in 2026: who funds what, the private market, recruiting trials, compared side by side.

Ketamine vs Antidepressants: What's Actually Different (2026)

Ketamine and conventional antidepressants compared: mechanism, speed (weeks vs hours), durability, where each belongs in European treatment, cost and access, and why ketamine cannot replace your antidepressant.

OCD: When Standard Treatment Isn't Enough – Your Options

If ERP therapy or SSRIs haven't controlled your OCD, here is what actually exists in Europe: the guideline ladder of ERP and higher-dose SSRIs, clomipramine, augmentation, deep brain stimulation for the severest cases, the early ketamine evidence, and where psilocybin research actually stands.

Off-Label Ketamine: What the German NVL Actually Says, and How to Assess a Service

For GPs and psychiatrists: what recommendation 7-25 of the German NVL actually says about IV ketamine, what off-label means legally versus clinically, where Europe's payers stand, and a four-domain checklist (screening, monitoring, follow-up, governance) for assessing any private ketamine service.

Europe7 min

How to Prepare for Ketamine Therapy: A Practical Checklist

What to do before, during and after ketamine or esketamine treatment: what to prepare, what screening covers, how a session day runs and what aftercare should include.

Europe6 min

Psychedelic Access in Europe: What Changed – October 2026

A monthly monitor of regulatory and access changes in psychedelic and ketamine-family medicine across Europe: a quiet CTIS month, the MDMA NDA resubmission in the US and what it means for Europe, a caught-up Norwegian MDMA trial approval, and country statuses, each with a primary source.

Europe6 min

Psychedelic Therapy in Europe: Key Statistics (September 2026)

Verified statistics on psychedelic and ketamine therapy in Europe, September 2026: 486 verified providers in 27 countries, esketamine reimbursement in 20 of 25 assessed countries, published price ranges, 67 EU trials, Switzerland's 723 PAT patients.

PTSD Treatment Isn't Working: What Are Your Options?

If trauma therapy or SSRIs haven't helped your PTSD, here is a clear map of what exists in Europe for adults: trauma-focused psychotherapy, the two UK-licensed medicines, MDMA-assisted therapy's real regulatory status, the mixed ketamine evidence, and the actual trials on the registries now.

Referring a Patient Into a Clinical Trial: How to Read a Protocol Record

For GPs and psychiatrists: how to read a CTIS or ClinicalTrials.gov record in five fields, which eligibility criteria you can pre-check from your own notes, what to tell a patient about screening, placebo and withdrawal, and how to use a structured pre-screen before contacting a site.

TMS vs Ketamine for Depression: How to Choose (2026)

TMS and ketamine compared for depression in Europe: how each works, what the evidence shows, approval and regulatory status, availability, published cost ranges, and the questions to bring to your clinician.

Europe17 min

What Legal Psychedelic Treatment in Europe Actually Looks Like

From hospital esketamine clinics and private ketamine infusions to residential programmes, clinical trials and Switzerland's authorisation scheme: a physician walks through what each legal treatment setting in Europe actually involves, with real clinics and prices.

Does it work? The evidence

Esketamine (Spravato): What the Evidence Shows

An evidence review of esketamine nasal spray (Spravato) for depression in Europe: the approved indication, pivotal trials (TRANSFORM, SUSTAIN, ESCAPE-TRD), the suicidal-ideation question, safety, and how EU access works.

Ketamine for Depression: What the Evidence Shows

An evidence review of racemic ketamine for depression in Europe: the IV infusion evidence base, single vs repeated infusions, meta-analyses, ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, off-label reality, and Norway's public-funding milestone.

MDMA-Assisted Therapy: What the Evidence Shows

An honest, tiered look at the MDMA-assisted therapy evidence base for PTSD in 2026: the two Phase 3 trials, the FDA's 2024 rejection and what it means for Europe, safety, and how access actually works.

Psilocybin Therapy: What the Evidence Shows

An honest, tiered look at the psilocybin evidence base in 2026: the Phase 3 depression results, what is still early, safety and exclusion criteria, and how legal access actually works in Europe.